sn84024719 1837-03-02 ed-1: segmentation, region by region

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A Legacy.

The following noble sentiment occurs in the will of Col. George Mason, of Virginia, a man distinguished before the revolution for his patriotism and chivalry. Such was the spirit of our fathers. They believed that the noblest inheritance they could transmit to their children, was a quenchless zeal in the cause of liberty and their country. How has this inheritance been stewarded?

"I recommend it to my sons, from my own experience in life, to prefer the happiness of independence and a private station to the troubles and vexations of public business: but if either their own inclinations or the necessities of the times should engage them in public affairs, I charge them on a father's blessing, never to let the motives of private interest or ambition induce them to betray, nor the terrors of poverty and disgrace, or the fear of danger or of death, deter them from asserting the liberty of their country, and endeavoring to transmit to posterity those sacred rights to which themselves were born."

American Stories

A LEeAcY.-The following noble senti- mens occurs, in the will of Col. CEoRe g mAsoN, OF Virginia, man distinguished oeiore The revolution for his potrIotism and ohivairy. Such wasthe spirit Of our fathers. hey neiieved that the noblest inheritance 'bey could transmit 10 their children, wss y 9uenchiess zeal in the cause OF liberty and ,neir country. How has this Inheritance been stewarded

I'll recommend tito my sons, from my own experience in life, 10 prefer The happ;ness nj Independence and q private stat;on 10 The troubles and vexatiops OF public bns;ness but if either their own iociins,iops or ,hs me-,

ce,sities Of the times should engage them in public affairs, charge them on fathers blessing, never 10 let the motives Of private interest or ambition induce them To he,ray nor The terrors Of poverty and disgrace, or The fear Of danger or of death, deter them ir"m asserting the liberty Of their country. ana endeavoring Ia transmit 10 poslcriiy those sacred rights 10 which the mselves " ere born"

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SEALS

That valuable amphibious animal the Seal, prized and therefore destroyed by man for its rich fur covering, has been seen in numbers on masses of floating ice in the Sound, and lastly by Capt. Schultz, of the steam boat Independence, in the lower bay.

We believe this animal has almost entirely disappeared from along our coast, which must have been at a former date covered with them.* The Seal has, however, been so harassed by man from North to South, that they have, in almost all instances, left their old haunts on land, and have sought refuge in spots yet unvisited by the human family.

The coasts of Patagonia, Falkland Islands, Cape Horn, Shetland Islands, the coast of Chili, Peru, and the adjacent islands, which were formerly overrun with myriads, have been destroyed by them--At certain seasons it has been known for large schools to come gamboling along from the unknown regions of the South Pole, and easily fall a prey to the sealers, who, during the greater part of the year, are stationed at those points, and they confidently assert, that these animals could never have seen the form of man, as they were utterly unconscious of the danger of his approach; whilst the Seal of the Coast will never allow them to come within gun shot before they take to the water.

Vessels in doubling Cape Horn, have encountered large Islands of ice which have been covered with thousands of Seals, whose rich jackets were worth a fortune, but were unapproachable from the rough seas, and dangerous situations of their icy home.

It can hardly be supposed that these animals live entirely on the ice--their domestic arrangements, which approximate in a measure to a large and well ordered patriarchal estate, forbid this idea; and yet their being found at sea in large numbers on masses of ice, subject to be driven in every direction by the various winds that sweep the ocean in tempestuous violence in high latitudes, substantiate the belief, or give evidence of land or a continent to the south of the frozen circle.

*In proof of this, we may mention, that Robin's Reef, near Staten Island, was so called by our early Dutch ancestors from its having been one of the haunts of the animal, as the name in Dutch imports.--N. Y. Star.

American Stories

SEALS.

Thai valuable smphibious animal the oeai, priced and therefore destroyed by man i"r ITS rich fur covering, has been seen in numbers on masses of floating ice IN the Sound, and lastly iy Capt. Schultz, OF the s!ea'n boat independence, in tho lower bay. W. believe this animal has almost entirely a'sappeared from along our coast, 81 hich must have been at former date covered with them.S The Seal has, how e, err, beenso lar- rnssed by man from North To South that they have, in almost all instances, left their old haun,s OH land, and have souyh, refuge in spots yet unvisi,ed Ivy the human family. The coasts of Patagonia, Falkland Islands. Cape Horn. Shetland Islands, the coast of Chill, Poru, and the adjacent islands, which we're formerly overrun with myriads, have been destroyed by them, AT certain seasons II has been known for large schools To come gambling along from the unknown regions OF The South Pole, and easily fall prey TO the seaiers, who during the greater part of the year, are stationed at those points, and they confidently assert, that these animals could never have seen the form of man, as thew were utterly unconscious of The danger of his approach whilst The Seal of the Coast VIII never allow them 10 come within gun shot before they lake TO the water Vessels In doubling Cape Horn, have encountered large Islands OF ice which have been covered with thousands of Seals, whose rich Jackets were worth fortune, hut were unapproach- able from the rough seas, and dangerous sit. uations at their icy home. II can hardly be supposed that these animals live entirely OH the ice--lheis domestic. arrangements, which approximate IN measure 10 a large and well ordered patriarchial estate, forbid this idea and yet their being found at sea in large numbers on masses of ice. subject 10 I've dri. ven in every direction by the various winds that sweep the ocean in tempestuous violence in high latitudes, suhstantinte the belief. or give evidence Of land or a continent 10 the south Of the frozen circle.

.ln proof of this, we may mention, that Rohin's Reef, near Staten lslaad, was 40 calls ed by our early Dutch ancestors from lis having been one oil the bannts Of The animal,

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IMPORTATIONS OF WHEAT.--The quantity of foreign wheat imported into Baltimore since last harvest is upwards of 361,000 bushels. This would suffice for the manufacture of about 85,000 barrels of flour. But, notwithstanding the supplies thus derived, the city inspections for the quarter ending on the 31st December show a falling off of 57,500 barrels. Hence may be formed some idea, though a very imperfect one, of the extent of the failure of last year's wheat crop in those sections of the country whose flour is forwarded to this market. The real deficit is, no doubt, much greater than would be indicated by these data, as the failure has induced a system of economy and substitution in the ordinary use of wheat, where it is grown, that has greatly lessened the consumption of the article in the interior during the present year.--Balt. Pat.

American Stories

IMpoRTAYIoss or Wnr.r

IMPoRTATIONs OF WHEAT Tile quantity OF foreign wheat imported into Bal. timore since last harvest is upwards of 361, OOO husheaIs. This would suffice fur the manufacture Of about IS 900 barrels Of flour

But, notwithstanding the supplies thus de- rived, the city inspections for the quarter ending on ;he 31st December show falling off Of 81 500 barrels. Hence may be form. ed some idea, though very imperfect one, OF The extent Of The failure oil last years wheat crop in those sections Of The country whose flour is forwarded 10 this market

The real deficit 10, no doubt, much greater

than would he indicated by these data, as the iaiinre has induced a system ofeconomy and substitution in the ordinary use Of wheat. where II IS grown, that has greatly lessened the consumption of the article in the interior during the present Year.-BALr Par.

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COINAGE AT THE U.S. MINT.

From one of the statements accompanying the report of the Director of the Mint, recently transmitted by the President to Congress, it appears that the coinage at the Mint in 1836, has been

IN GOLD, 553,147 half eagles, making $2,765,735 547,986 quarter eagles 1,369,965

Total, 4,135,700

<table><tr><td>dly be</td><td>man, with his h</td></tr><tr><td>ely on</td><td>parted, and his</td></tr><tr><td>which</td><td>ed upwards, and</td></tr><tr><td>nd well</td><td>breast as if im</td></tr></table>

3,606,100 IN COPPER, 2,111,000 cents 21,110 398,000 half cents 1,990 23,100

Whole am't coined in 1836, $7,764,900

American Stories

COINAGE AT THEU. s. MINT.

COIN AGE AT THE q. S. MINT. From one of the statements accomna- nyiug the report of the Director of the Mint, recently transmitted by the Presi- dent TO Congress, it APPEARS that the coinage at the Mint in 1886, has been

IN GOLD,

300, az half eagles, making 50. 765, 7:35 547, 9s6 quarter eagles, 1869, 965

Total,

a, I35,7OO

3. COG, 100

IN COPPER

Whole amt coined in 1886, S7.764, 900

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Russian Prisons.--The discipline of the Russian penitentiaries is represented in a letter published in a French paper, the Messager, as of the most horrible description. Other systems, the Austrian for example, may kill the body; this kills the soul. The political prisoners are thrust into dungeons where light never penetrates, and where they have scarcely room to move. They are whipped at fixed intervals. Out of ten persons, three are reckoned to die from this harsh treatment, and seven turn mad. On leaving prison some are no more able to recognize their nearest relations. Several Polish refugees and German students have been made idiots by this treatment.

American Stories

Russian Prisons The discipline Of the RUSSIAN peniteniiaries is represented in a let. ter published in a French paper. the Mes. sagsr, as OF the most horrible doscrip,jon Other systems, the Austrian for exam,,e fnoy Kill The body this Kills the soul. The

political prisoners are thrust into dun seon where light never penetratos, and where the, nave scarcely room 10 move. They ar,

whipped al fixed intervals. Out of ten per

sons, three are reckoned 70 die from thi

harsh treatment, and seven turn mad. o.

ieaving prison some are no more able To 70 cognizs their nearest relations Several

Polish refugees and German students have been made idio,s by this treatment.

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REMARKS OF MR. CALHOUN.

ON THE PASSAGE OF THE BILL TO LIMIT THE SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS.

IN SENATE, FEB. 9.

Mr. Calhoun said: I have received, within the last forty-eight hours, a communication from the Chief Magistrate, connected with the bill now before the Senate, of such a nature that duty to myself, as well as to this body, renders it necessary that I should lay it before the Senate.

[Here Mr. C. sent to the Secretary the letter, which was read as follows:]

WASHINGTON, Feb. 7th, 1837

Sir: In the Globe of the 6th inst. I find the report of a speech made by you on the 4th upon the land bill, which contains the following passages, viz:

"Was it not notorious that the President of the United States himself had been connected with the purchase of the public lands? Yes, the 'experiment' (Mr. Calhoun delighted in the word) was the cause of speculation in public lands, and if this bill should not be passed, speculations could not go on, and the price of the public lands must consequently be reduced. He contended that every man could not but see that it would be utter ruin to those who had borrowed money to speculate in the public lands if the system were not to go on." In a former part of your speech, as reported, you say: "The speculation which a particular state of things had given rise to, had been produced by those in power. They had profitted by that state of things; and should this bill be passed, it would only consummate their wishes," &c. &c. &c.

Knowing the liabilities of reporters to err in taking down and writing out the speeches of members of Congress, I have made enquiry in relation to the accuracy of this report, and have been furnished with certificates of gentlemen who heard you, affirming that it is substantially correct.

You cannot but be aware, sir, that the imputations which your language conveys are calculated, if believed, to destroy my character as a man, and that the charge is one which, if true, ought to produce my impeachment and punishment as a public officer. If I caused the removal of the deposits for the base purpose of enriching myself or my friends by any of the results which might grow out of that measure, there is no term of reproach which I do not deserve, and no punishment known to the laws which ought not to be inflicted upon me. On the contrary, if the whole imputation, both as to motive and fact, be a fabrication and a calumny, the punishment which belongs to me, if guilty, is too wild for him who willfully makes it.

I am aware, sir, of the constitutional privilege under which this imputation is cast forth, and the immunity which it secures. That privilege it is in no degree my purpose to violate, however gross and wicked may have been the abuse of it. But I exercise only the common right of every citizen, when I inform you, that the imputations you have cast upon me are false in every particular, not having for the last ten years purchased any public land, or had any interest in such purchase. The whole charge, unless explained, must be considered the offspring of a morbid imagination or of sleepless malice.

I ask you, sir, as an act due to justice, honor and truth, to retract this charge on the floor of the Senate, in as public a manner as it has been uttered--it being the most appropriate mode by which you can repair the injury which might otherwise flow from it. But in the event that you fail to do so, I then demand that you place your charge before the House of Representatives, that they may institute the necessary proceeding to ascertain the truth or falsehood of your imputation, with a view to such further measures as justice may require.

If you will neither do justice yourself, nor place the matter in a position where justice may be done me by the representatives of the people, I shall be compelled to resort to the only remedy left me, and, before I leave the city, give publicity to this letter, by which you will stand stigmatized as one who, protected by his constitutional privilege, is ready to stab the reputation of others, without the magnanimity to do them justice, or the honor to place them in a situation to receive it from others.

Yours, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON.

The Hon. J. C. Calhoun, United States Senate.

P. S.--I herewith enclose you the copies of two notes, verifying the correctness of the report of your speech in the Globe of the 6th inst.

A. J.

Feb. 7, 1837.

[Here follow notes from Arthur Campbell and W. E. Drake, vouching the correctness of the extract from Mr. Calhoun's speech, quoted in Gen. Jackson's letter.]

I do not intend, (said Mr. C.) in what I propose to say, to comment on the character or the language of this extraordinary letter. It has excited in my bosom but one feeling--that of pity for the weakness of its author, contempt for his menace, and humiliation that one occupying the office, which he does, should place himself in a situation so unworthy of his exalted station.--Nor do I intend to invoke the interposition of the Senate to protect the privilege attached to a Senator from one of the sovereign States of this Confederacy, which has been outraged in my person. I seek no aid to defend my own privileges; and, so far from being intimidated, I shall be emboldened to express myself with greater freedom, if possible, to denounce the corruption of the Administration, or the violation of the laws and of the constitution, in consequence of this attempt to restrain the free exercise of the right of expressing my opinions upon all subjects concerning the public interests, secured to me by the constitution. I leave to the Senate to determine what measures the preservation of their own privileges demand.

Much less do I intend to comply with the request, or demand, made of me; demand has no place between equals, and I hold myself within my constitutional privilege, at least equal to the Chief Magistrate himself. I, as a legislator, have a right to investigate and pronounce upon his conduct, and to condemn his acts freely, whenever I consider them to be in violation of the laws and of the constitution. I, as a Senator, may judge him; he can never judge me.

My object is to avail myself of the occasion to reiterate what I said, as broadly and as fully as I uttered them on a former occasion, here in my place, where alone I am responsible, and where the friends of the President will have an opportunity to correct my statement, if erroneous, or to refute my conclusion, if not fairly drawn. I spoke without notes, and it may be that I may omit something which I said on the former occasion that may be deemed material, or to express myself less full and strongly than I then did. If so, I will thank any Senator to remind me, so that my statement now may be as strong and as full as then.

If my memory serves me, I opened my remarks, when I spoke formerly, by stating that so many and so subtle were the devices by which those who were in power could, in these times, fleece the people, without their knowing it, that it was almost enough to make a lover of his country despair of its liberty. I then stated that I knew of no measure which could better illustrate the truth of this remark, than the one now before us. Its professed object is to restrict the sales of public land, in order, as is avowed, to prevent speculation; and, by consequence, the accumulation of the surplus revenue in the Treasury. The measure is understood to be an administration measure. I then stated that, so far from preventing speculation, it would, in fact, but consummate the greatest speculation which this country has ever witnessed--a speculation originating in a state of things of which those in power were the authors; by which they had profited; and which this measure, should it become a law, would but complete. I then asked what had caused such an extraordinary demand for public land, that the sales should have more than quintupled within the last three years?--and said that, to answer this question, we must look to the state of the currency. That it was owing to the extraordinary increase of the channels of circulation. The Secretary had estimated this increase, within that period, from six dollars and fifty cents per individual, to ten dollars. I believe the increase to be much greater--the effects of which have been to double the price of every article, which has not been kept down by some particular cause. In the mean time the price of public land has remained unaltered, at one dollar and twenty-five cents the acre; and the natural consequence was, that this executive currency overflowed upon the public land, and has caused those extraordinary speculations which it is the professed object of this bill to prevent.

I then asked what had caused this inundation of paper? The answer was, the Experiment, (I love to remind the gentleman of the word,) which had removed the only restriction that existed against the issue of bank paper. The consequence was predicted at the time--it was foretold that bank notes would multiply almost without number, and pour forth their issues without restriction or limitation. The predictions were at the time unheeded; their truth now begins to be realized.

This experiment commenced by a transfer of the public funds from where they were placed by law, and where they were under its safeguard and protection, to banks which were under the sole and unlimited control of the Executive. The effect was a vast increase of Executive patronage, and the opening of a field of speculation, in describing which, in anticipation, I pronounced it to

be so ample, that Rothschild himself might envy the opportunity which it afforded. Such it has proved to be.

The administration has profited by this vast patronage and the prejudice which it has excited against the bank, as the means of sustaining themselves in power. It is unnecessary to repeat the remarks, in illustration of this. The truth of the statement is known to all the Senators, who have daily witnessed the party topics which have been drawn from this fruitful source. I then remarked that, if rumor were to be trusted, it was not only in a political point of view that those in power had profited by the vast means put in the hands of the Executive by the experiment, they had profited in a pecuniary, as well as in a political point of view. It has been frequently stated, and not contradicted, that many, in high places, are among the speculators in public lands; and that an individual connected with the President himself, one of his nephews, was an extensive adventurer in this field of speculation. I did not name him, but I now feel myself called upon to do so. I mean Mr. McLemore.

Having established these points, I next undertook to show that this bill would consummate those speculations, and establish the political ascendancy which the experiment had given to the Administration. In proof of the former, I avail myself of the declaration of the Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, who had stated that the speculators had already purchased and held a vast amount of public land, not less, as I understood him, than twenty-five or thirty millions of acres, and that if this bill did not pass, the scenes of the last two years would be repeated in this and the coming year. I then undertook to show, from the showing of the Chairman himself, that these speculations would prove ruinous without the aid of this bill. He had stated that the annual demand for public land, resulting from our increased population, could not exceed five millions of acres.

Now, assuming that the quantity on hand is thirty millions of acres, there would be six years' supply in the hands of speculators, even if the land offices of the United States be closed; and that if the bill did not pass, according to his showing, it would take double or treble the time to dispose of the lands, which, in that case, will be in the hands of speculators. All must see the certain ruin, in that event, of those who have borrowed money to speculate in land; particularly if the sales of public land should be free and open to every one, as it now is, to purchase to the extent of his means. I next showed that the contest was between the Government, as a dealer in public land, and the speculators; that they held in market at least an equal quantity in value to that which the Government now has offered for sale, and that every restriction imposed upon the sales of Government land, must of necessity increase the advantages of its rival dealers.

I then showed that the very onerous and oppressive restrictions, of an odious character, upon the sales of the public lands, would be imposed, if the bill should pass. No one thereafter could purchase land of the Government without license—a license, in my opinion, as offensive and odious as would be a license on the press. To obtain this license, the oath of the applicant was required; and then it could only be obtained on payment of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, for which the citizen may now receive a grant in fee simple. After he had made his purchase, under authority of his license, the purchaser has to comply with the condition of settlement and cultivation, and must, within the period of five years, prove to the satisfaction of the Register and Receiver, who are made high judicial officers, a compliance with these conditions, before he can receive his title: and if he failed to comply, by accident or otherwise, he forfeits both his money and the land. I stated that this was a virtual increase of the price of the public lands to the actual settler; so much so that any sober minded man would prefer to give the speculators two dollars per acre for land of the same quality, to giving the Government one dollar and twenty-five cents for a license, with these oppressive conditions.

Having established this point, I then undertook to show that it would increase vastly the power of the Government in the new States, if they choose to exercise this patronage for political purposes. That they would so use it, we have ample proof in the past conduct of the Administration, and in the principles which have been avowed by its friends. A former Senator from New York, high in the confidence of the party, and now Chief Magistrate of that State, had openly avowed, in his place on this floor, that to the victor belongs the spoils, for which he was reprimanded, at the time, by the Senator from Massachusetts, [Mr. Webster,] in a manner worthy of his distinguished talents.

Assuming, then, that the power would be exercised with a view to political influence, I showed that it would place a vast number of the citizens of the new States, probably not less than one hundred thousand, in a condition of complete dependence on the Receivers, and of vassalage to the Government.

These are the sentiments which I delivered on a former occasion, and which I now reiterate to the full extent—omitting nothing that is material as far as connected with the letter of the President; and for the delivery of which my privileges as a Senator, and those of this body, have been so grossly outraged.

Mr. Grundy and Mr. Walker rose and stated that they had been attentive listeners during the debate alluded to in the President's letter, and corroborated the correctness of Mr. Calhoun's statement of what he had said on that occasion.

Mr. Calhoun then said that he was gratified at what had been said, and that all might now see, from their statement and the acquiescence of others, what little cause the President had for the outrage upon his privilege, and that of the Senate, and for applying language to him which is never used in intercourse between gentlemen, and better suited to the purlieus of Billingsgate than to the mansion of the Chief Magistrate.

American Stories

REMARKS OF MIR. CALHOUN. ON THE PASSAGE OF THE DILL TO LIMIT

THE SALES OF PUBLIC LANDS.

IN SENATE. Fen @

Mr.. CALHOUN sail: | have received. whhin The last forty.eight hours, u com,nu- nicaiior from the Chief Magistrate, connect ed with the till now before the Senate. of such nature that duty 10 myself as we'll as I" this body, renders il necessary tba, ! should lay il before The Senate.

There MIR. C. sent TO the Secretary the letter, which was read as iollows:l

w AsuINGToN, Feb. 7,h, 1887.

SiH: In the Globe q! the 9Th inst find Inc report OF a speech made by YOU .,n the am upon the land bill, which contains the following passages, viz:

as II not notorious that the President OF The United States himself hail been con. nected with The purchase of the pubic Iao,.s, es, the experiment" (Mr. Calhoun de- lighted IN the word) was The cause OF spccu- i"'ion In public lands, and if this bill should mol De passed, sPeculaiions could moi 90 on ana Inc price OF The public lands must con sequenfiy be reduced. He contended thst every man could not but see that it would he utter ruin TO tbuse who ha.. borrowed moray 10 speculate in the public lands il the system were not TO go on" In u former part OF your speech, as reported, you say: "The speculation which particular state Of things nad gwen rise 10, had been produced by thnse In power. They had proft,ed by tina, state 4" 'hings; and should this bill be passed. il &c. &c.

Knowing The liabilities of reoorters n ar, IN taking down aud writing out The sucechcs OF members Of Congress, | have made en-. curry IN relation 10 the accuracy Of This re : port, and have been furnished with cerlifi. cafes OF gentlemen who heard you alfirmipe ihat IL IS substantially correct

o" cannot but he aware, sir, that the i'm. Pu'a'ions which your language conveys are calculated, II believed, 10 destroy nv char. acter as man, and That the charge is one which, II true, ought TO produce INV i'm peachment and punishment as II public Off. Ger. If caused the removal Of The ,lenns

'es iof The base purpose OF enrichng INV self OF my friends i'y any Of The results viii !, nish' grow out OF thnt measure there is r. o term OF reproach which DO not deserve anu no punishment known 10 the laws which ouSh' moi 10 he inflicted upon me. On the contrary, u The hole imputation, both as to motive and TACT, he fabrication and a ia : lumny, the punishment which belongs 10 me, u guilty, is too mild for him who wIli,,i ly makes IT, unaware, sir, ii The constitutional criv. uege Under which this imlu,a,ion is cas-, ,nf'h, ana The immunity which il secures

hat PtiS'ieseH Is in no degree my ,urpose 70 'ioiale, however gross mud wicked ma nave neen The abuse of IT, But | exercise 'hiy The common right Of every citizen. when 'niofn' you, that The im,m,ations you nave Cast upon me are false in every uariic. "ldr, moi having for The last ten years rar- chased any public land, or had any interest," IN such purchase. The whole CHARGE I'm. less explained, must be considered The off. spring Of mcrbid imagination or Of sleep

less malice.

ask you, sir, as an act due 10 ius!ice Soo"' enn truth, 10 retract this charge on The | moor OF the Senaic, in as public rnapncr az !" oas heeD uttered--it being the most ap- propr's'e mode by which you can repair The ''lrty which might otherwise flow from il. | gu, IN The event that you fal 10 do sn. then demand that YOU place your charge f,e. lore The House OF Representatives., thai they may institute the necessary proceeding 10 ascertain The truth or tslsebooi Of your inv

, I..sJ "o ""ue me ny the representatives, al

me people, shall be Compelled 10 resort TO the only remedy left me, and, bei.,e leave the city, give publicity to. this letter, by

winch you will stand stigma,ized as ne who.

protected hy his constitutional privilege, is

ready 10 stab the reputation of others, with.

ut the nagnsnimity to do them Justice. o..

the honor 10 place them in sitsa,ion 10 re.

ceire IL irom others

Yours. &c.

ANDREW JACKSON.

Senate

| p. ST. here wiih enclose you the copies OF two notes. verifying the correctness of The REPORT OF your speech in the Globe of the 9Th inst Feb. 7; 1887.

Here follow notes from Arthur Campbell ard w. +. Drake, vouching the correctness Of the extrsc. from Mr.. Cslhoun's speech, quoted in Gen. JACK son e le,ts,.]

l do not intend, (said MIR. C.) in wha, propose TO cay, 10 comment ON the character or the Language Of this extraordinary letter. II has excited in my bosom hut one feeling That ot pity Tor the weakness of its author. contempt for his menace, and humiliation that one occupying the Office, is hich be does, should place himself in a situation SO un. | worthy OF his exalted station Moor do in, tend to invoke the inlerpostion of the Sc. male 70 protect tue privilege attached 10 Senator from one Of the sovereign States o! TINS Coniedsracy, which has been outraged | IN my persan. ! seek no aid TO defend NV | own privileges; and, so lar from being in | undated, shall he emboldened to exsross myself with greater freedom, i possible 10 denouhce the corruption of the Administers | lion, or The violation of the laws and cf the ! in Il, | to restrain the free exercise of The RICH, of expressing my opinions upon all subjects CONCERNING the public interests, secured TO me by the constitution. leave 10 the Sc male 10 determine VIVA; measures The preser- WALTON Of their own privileges demand. | Much less do intend 10 comply with the ! request, or demand, made Of me; demand mas no Place between equals, and ] hold my sell within my constitutional privilege, at ieast equal TO the Chief Magistrate himself

1, az legislator, have right to investigate and pronounce upon his conduct, and to con. demn has acts freely, whenever consider | 'hem 10 he In violation of the laws aud of The constIfuti'n j, as a Senator, may Judge am; he can never judge me.

MY Object 10 10 avail myself Of the occa. sion TO reiiera!e what said, as broadly and as'iuiiy as uttered them on a former occa- SION, here IN my place, where alone am re- spnnsihle, aud here the friends Of the Pres iheh' VIII t,ve an opportunity TO correct my statement, if erroneous, or 10 refu,e NV con- ciasion, if moi fairly drawn. spoke with out notes, and II may he that may omit something which said on the former occa- sion that may he deemed material, or TO ex.

press myself less full and strongly than

then did II SO, will thank any Senator to

reiniad me, SO thai my s.a.cmen, now may

be as strong end as ,uil as then

u my ;nemory serves me, opened my

remarks, when spoke formerly, by stating

,"e' so many anf so subtle were the devices

by which those srbowere in power could in these times, fleece the people, without their Knowing II, That II. VAS almost enouqh "a

make love! oi his country DESPAIR Of iis hperiy then stated thai knew Of mn

measure which could better illustrate the truth ui lhis remark. than the one now be-

lore us: lis protested object is 10 restric, he

saies OF public land, in order, ns ia avowed

~ prevent speculation and, by Consequence

me accumulation OF the surplus reyeGue in

me treasury. The measure is understood

10 Us an administration measure. i then

slated that, So far from proven, jnr snscula.

ton, il would, in fact, but consnmn, ate the

greatest speculation which Ibis country has

ever "itnesssd-a speculation originating in

state Of things Of which those in power

were the authors; by which they had profit.

ed; aud which this neasure. should il he

GENE lazy, would but complete then asked hat had caused such an extraordinary demand for public land, that the sales should

nave more than g -irtsupled within the last

three yeaFs!-and said that, 10 answ or this question, we must look to The stale of the

currency. That il was owing 10 the extra { ordinary Increase of the channels OF circu,s , lion. The Secretary had estimated this in crease, within that period, from six dollars

and tiiiy cents per individual, 10 len dollars. , belisTe the increase TO be much greater The effects Of which have been to double the price OF every article, which has no; been Kept doun iY some particular cause. In the mean time The price ct public land has re- tnained unalicre,], nj one dollar and TWENTY

I've cents the acre and The natural Conse- Guehce WINS, that tbs executive currency O. , 'erfiowed upon the pubic land, and has caus.

ed those extraordinary specuIations which , " 10 tbs proiesscd object of this bill 10 pre- , vent

/. then asked what Ind caused this inunds- , ton Of paper? The answer vas, the Expe- rimeni, q love 10 remind the gentleman Of Tie word,) which had removed The only re- s'rictions that existed against tbe issue of I hank paper The consequence was predict

ed al The iime-it was foreiold that bank

noes would multiply almost without pCsu- . Der, and pour forth their issues without re-

s,siciion or limitation. The predictions

were ST The time UNDECIDED their truth now . begins 10 he realized.

ii has proved to be.

The administration has profed by this | vast patronage, and the prejudice which il | mas excited against the bank, as the means OF sustaining themselves in power. II is unne- cessary 10 repeatthe remarks, in illustration OF this. The truth of the statement is known TO all the Senators, who have daily witnessed | the party topics which have been drawn rom | this fruitful source. I then remark ed that. il rumor were tn be trusted, 1t was not only in political Poin, of view lha, those in pow :. er Lad pIohied by the vast means pu, i'm the hands OF the Executive by tie experiment, they had profited in q pecuniary. as we'll ss IN political point of view. Il has been frequently stated, and not con,radicied. tina, many, in high places, are among the specu. ia'ors in public lands; and that an individual connected with the Presiden, himself. one of nus nephews, was an extensive adventurer in this held Of speculation. I did not name him, but now feel my self called upon 10 do 90. mean Mr.. McLemore.

Having established these points. I mex, undertook TO show that this bill would Con. eummate those speculations, and establish The political ascendancy which the expert. ment mad given TO the Administrations In prso' OF the former, | avail myself OF the declaration OF the Chairman of the Commit. tee on Public Lands, who had stated thai the spectators bad already purchased and held a vast amount OF public land, no, less, as un- derstood him, than twenty five or thirty millions OF acres, and ii.at il this hill did no, pass, The scenes Of the last two wears would be repeated in this and the coming wear. I Then undertook 10 show, from the showjn OF The Chairman himself, that these specula lions would prove ruinous without, the aid of TINS mn. He had stated that the annual de- mand Tor public land, resulting from our in creased population, could moi exceed five millions Of acres.

Now, assuming that the quantity on hand Is thirty millions of acres, there would he SIX years supply in the hands of spectators even IT the land Offices of the United States be closed and that if the bill did not pass, according TO his showing, it would take double or treble the time 10 dispose of the lands. which, in that case, will be in the hands OF spectators. All must see the GER tam ruin, In that event, Of those who have borrowed money TO speculate in land; par t'cuiariy II The sales OF public land should be

ree ana open 10 every one, as II now rs, 10 purchase TO the extent Of his means. Inext showed that tho contest was between the government. as dealer in public land. and the spectators; that they held in market Al ieast an equal quantity m value 10 that which the Government now has offered for sale, and that every restriction imposed upon the sales OF Government land, mus: of necessity in, crease the advantages OF lis rival dealers.

'hen showed that the very onerous and oppressive restrictions, Of an odous charac. ter, upon the sales Of the public lands. would De imposed, il the bill should pass. No one thereafter could purchase land of the Gov eminent without iicense-a license. i'm nv opinion, as offensive and od,ous as would he license on The press. 10 obtain this H. cense, the oath of the applicant was required: and then il could only he obtained on paw

menl OF one dollar and TWENTY-FIVE cents per acre, for which the citizen may now receive grant in fee simple. After lie had made ms purchase. under authority OF his license, The purchaser has 10 comply with The condi- non OF settlement aad cultivation, and must. wi!nin Inc period OF five years, prove to the sa!'s'acsion OF the Register aud Receiver, who are made high judicial officers, com. piiance with these conditions. before he Can receive his title: and if he failed TO comply. by accident OF otherwise, he forfeits both his money and The land. | stated that this was virtual increase OF the price at the public lanes 10 the actual settler so much so that any sober minded man would prefer to give the spectators two dollars per acre for laod OF The same quality, to giving The Govern meht one dollar and twenty-five cents for license, with these oppressive conditions.

Having established this point, then un- dertook to show that il would mere ase vastly the power of the Government in the new States, II they choose 10 exercise This patron age Tor political purposes. Tha, they would 80 use il, we have ample proof in Inc ;,ssi conduct OF the Administration, and in the principles which have been avnwc,i bv its friends. A former Senator from New York. high in the confidence OF The party, and now Chief Magistrate OF that State, had openIy avowed, in his place on this iuur, that 10 the victor belongs the spoils, tor which he was reprimanded, at The time, by The Senator from Massachusetts. mir. Webster i in manner worthy of his distinguished talents. Assuming, then, tha, The power would be exercised with view Ia political influence, showed that II would place q FAST number Of The citizens OF the new States, In ohably no. less than one hundred thousand, in con dition of complete dependence on the Rcceiv. ers, and oil Yassa!age 10 the Government.

These are The sentiments which deliver. cd on former occasion, and which | now reIterate TO the full extent---omi,finp nothing That IS material as far as connected with The letter OF the President and for the delivery Of which my privileges rs y Senator and | those OF this body, have been So grossly out | ragged. = Mr.. Grundy and Mr.. Walker rose ard slated that they had been attentive listeners during The debate alluded 10 in the Presi oeht 8 icttar, and corrObofaed the correct. ness Oh MIR. Calhnnn's statement of what he bad said on that OCCASION

Mr. Calhoun then said that lie was gtati- n had k1f u ,

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GENERAL SCOTT

We give below, the order of President Jackson, relative to Gen. Scott's case. The Enquirer says, "We regret to see from the President of the United States has sent back the sentence of the Court Martial in the case of this gallant officer. We have no doubt of his ultimate and honorable acquittal."

OFFICIAL OPINION OF THE PRESIDENT,

On the proceedings of the Court of Inquiry ordered to investigate the Causes of the delay in the Campaign against the Creek Indians.

The President has carefully examined the proceedings of the Court of Inquiry recently held at the city of Frederick, by virtue of orders No. 65 and 68, so far as the same relate to the cases of the delay in opening and prosecuting the campaign in Georgia and Alabama, against the hostile Creek Indians, in the year 1836; and has maturely considered the opinion of the court on this part of the subject referred to it.

The order constituting the court directs it, among other things, to "inquire and examine into the causes of the delay in opening and prosecuting the campaign in Georgia & Alabama against the hostile Creek Indians, in the year 1836, and into every subject connected with the military operations in the campaign aforesaid, and after fully investigating the same, to report the facts, together with its opinion on the whole subject, for the information of the President."

It appears from the proceedings, that after the testimony of nine witnesses had been received by the court, and after more than one hundred documents, bearing on the subject, had also been produced in evidence, and after Major General Scott had addressed the court on the subject, the court proceeded to pronounce its opinion, as follows:

Upon a careful examination of the abundant testimony taken in the foregoing case, the court is of opinion that no delay, which it was practicable to have avoided, was made by Maj. Gen. Scott in opening the campaign against the Creek Indians. On the contrary, it appears that he took the earliest measures to provide arms, munitions, and provisions for his forces, who were found almost wholly destitute, and as soon as arms could be put into the hands of the volunteers, they were in succession, detached and placed in positions to prevent the enemy from retiring upon Florida, and whence they could move against the main body of the enemy, as soon as equipped for offensive operations.

"From the testimony of the Governor of Georgia, of Major General Sanford, commander of the Georgia volunteers, and many other witnesses of high rank and standing, who were acquainted with the topography of the country, and the position and strength of the enemy, the court is of opinion that the plan of campaign adopted by Major-General Scott, was well calculated to lead to successful results, and that it was prosecuted by him, as far as practicable, with zeal and ability, until recalled from the command, upon the representations made by Major-General Jesup, his second in command, from Fort Mitchell, in a letter bearing date the 20th of June, 1836, addressed to F. P. Blair, Esq., at Washington, marked, "private," containing a request that it be shown to the President, which letter was exposed and brought to light by the dignified and magnanimous act of the President, in causing it to be placed on file in the Department of War, as an official document, and which forms part of these proceedings, (see document No. 114.) Conduct so extraordinary and inexplicable on the part of Major-General Jesup, in reference to the character of said letter, should in the opinion of the court, be investigated."

The foregoing opinion is not accompanied by any report of the facts in the case, as required by the order constituting the court; on the contrary, the facts are left to be gathered from the mass of oral and documentary evidence contained in the proceedings; and thus a most important part of the duty assigned to the court remains unexecuted. Had the court stated the facts of the case, as established to its satisfaction by the evidence before it, the President, on comparing such state of facts found by the court, with its opinion, would have distinctly understood the views entertained by the court in respect to the degree of promptitude and energy which ought to be displayed in a campaign against Indians—a point manifestly indispensable to a correct appreciation of the opinion, and one which the President's examination of the evidence has not supplied, inasmuch as he has no means of knowing whether the conclusions drawn by him from the evidence agree with those of the court.

The opinion of the court is also argumentative, and wanting in requisite precision; inasmuch as it states that "no delay, which it was practicable to have avoided, was made by Major-General Scott, in opening the campaign against the Creek Indians, &c. &c.;" thus leaving it to be inferred, but not distinctly finding, that there was some delay, and that it was made by some person other than Major-General Scott; without specifying in what such delay consisted, when it occurred, how long it continued, nor by whom it was occasioned. Had the court found a state of facts as required by the order constituting it, the uncertainty now existing in this part of the opinion would have been obviated, and the justice of the opinion itself determined.

That part of the opinion of the court which animadverts on the letter addressed by Maj. General Jesup to F. P. Blair, Esq., bearing date the 20th of June, 1836, and which presents the same as a subject demanding investigation, appears to the President to be wholly unauthorized by the order constituting the court, and by which its jurisdiction was confined to an inquiry into the causes of the delay in opening and prosecuting the campaign against the hostile Creeks, and into such subjects as were connected with the military operations in that campaign. The causes of the recall of Major General Scott from the command, and the propriety or impropriety of the conduct of Gen. Jesup in writing the letter referred to, were not submitted to the court as subjects of inquiry. The court itself appears to have been of this opinion, inasmuch as no notice was given to General Jesup of the pendency of the proceedings, nor had he any opportunity to cross examine and interrogate the witnesses; nor to be heard in respect to his conduct in the matter remarked on by the court.

For the several reasons above assigned, the President disapproves the opinion of the court, and remits to it the proceedings in question to the end that the court may resume the consideration of the evidence; and from the same, and from such further evidence as shall be taken, (in case the court shall deem it necessary to take further evidence,) may ascertain and report with distinctness and precision—especially as to time, place, distance, and other circumstances—all the facts touching the opening and prosecuting of the campaign in Georgia and Alabama against the hostile Creek Indians, in the year 1836, and the military operations in said campaign, and touching the delay, if any there was, in the opening or prosecuting of said campaign, and the causes of such delay; and to the end also, that the court whilst continuing its opinion to the subject matters submitted to it, may fully and distinctly express its opinion on those matters for the information of the President.

The Secretary of War ad interim will cause the proceedings of the court on the subject of the campaign against the Creek Indians, with the documentary evidence referred to therein, and a copy of the foregoing opinion, to be transmitted to Major General Alexander Macomb, President of the court, for the proper action thereon.

ANDREW JACKSON

Washington, Feb. 14, 1837.

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Jackson, relative 10 Gen. SCOTS case. The Enquirer says. eve regret TO see from the Order, which we publish this morning. tina, the President Of the United States has sent back the sentence OF the Court Martial in | the case OF this gallant officer. We have !! no doubt OF his ultimate and honorable &C. qui,,al."

OFFICIAL.

OPINION or THE President.

U" the proceedings ofths Court Of Inquiry

ordered to fnUestigate the Causes Of The !

delay IN the Campaign against the Greek |

Indians.

The President has carefully examined the proceedings Of the Court Of Inquiry recently held at The city of Frederick, by virtue of orders No. 65 and 6S, so far as the same re- late TO the Cases of the delay in opening and prosecuting the campaign in Georgia and Alabama, against the hostile Greek In dams, IN the year 1886 and has maturely considered the opinion of the court on this part OF the subject referred to il.

The order constituting the court directs il, among other things, To enquire aud exam inc into the causes of the delay in opening | ana prosecuting the campaign in Georgia s. Alabama against the hostile Creek Indians, in the year 1886, and into every subject con

nected with the military operations in the campaign aforesaid, and after fully invesii- gazing the same, TO report the facts, together with lis opinion on the whole subject, for the Information of the President

appears from The proceedings, that af4. Ter The testimony OF nine witnesses had been received by the court, and after more than one hundred documents, bearing on the sub Jccl, had also been produced in evidence. and alter Major General Scott had addressed The court on the subject, the court proceeded 10 pronounce It's opinion, as follows:

Upon careful examination OF the ahun- dan' testimony taken in the foregoing case, the court is OF opinion tina, no delay, which II was practicable 10 have avoided, was made oy Mag. Gen Scott in opening The campaign against the Creek Indians. On the contra ry' II appears that he took the earliest mea- sures 10 provide arms. munitions and pro- visions for his forces. " no we're inund almost wholly destitute, ard as soon as arms could he put INTO the ha ads of the volunteers they were in succession, detached and placed in positions TO prevent the enemy from retiring upon Florida, and whence they could move against the main body of the enemy, as soon as equipped for offensive operations

From The testimony Of the Governor Of Georgia, of Major General Sanford, com mander Of the Georgia volunteers, and e,anv other witnesses of high rank and standing, VII" we're acquainted with the topography of Inc country, and the position and strength of the enemy, the court is of opinion that the plan OF campaign adopted by Major G eneral scott, was well calculated TO lead to success iui results, and that il was prosecuted by him. as far as practicable, with zeal and ability. until recalled from the command, upon the representations made by Major, General Je- sup, ms second In command, from Fort Nit Gheil, m letter bearing dale the Goth OF June, 1886, addressed to f. p. Blair, ESQ, al W ashington, marked, "pripate," contain ing reques, that il be shown TO the Presi- dent, which letter was exposed and brought TO light by the dignificd and magnanimous act OF the President, in causing il TO be plac- Ell on file in the Department Of War, as an ofhciai document, and which forms part of these proceedings, (see document No. ia } Conduct SO extraordinary and inexplicahle on the part OF Major. General Jesup. in re- terence TO the character of said letter, should IN .he opinion OF the court, be investigated -

fHe foregolng opinion is not accompanied ny any report OF the facts in The case, as re. CURED by the order constituting the court on The contrary, the facts are left TO be gath cred from The mass of oral and documentary evidence conts;ned in the proceedings; and nus most importsnt part of The duty as signed To The court remains uneXecuted Had the Cart stated The facts Of the case, as established 10 its satisfaction by The evidence before ii, the President, on comparing such state OF facis founded hy the court, with i,s opinion. would have distinctly understood The views entertained by the court in respect 10 The degree of promptilude and energy which ought TO be displayed in Campaign against lndisns-a point manfestv inds, pensabie TO correct appreciation OF the opin ion, and one which the Presidents exami- nation OF the evidence has no. supplied, mas much as he has no means Of knowing whe, Their the conclusions drawn by him from the evidence agree with those Of The court,

The opinion of the cour. is also argumen- iaIive, and wanting in requisite precision inasmuch az il states that "no delay, which IT srds practicable to haze avoided, suas made 6y DfoJor- General Scoif, in opening the campaign against Ibe Creek Indians, &c. &c.; thus leaving il TO he inferred, but moi distinctly finding, that there was some DELAY, and that il was made by some person other than Major General Scott without spcci> ! tying in what such delay consisted, when il occurred, how long il continued, nor bv whom II was occasioned. Had the court found Il stale Of facts as required by the or. der constituting il, the uncertajnty now sx- Isiing in this part of the opinion would have been obyia,ed, and The justice Of The opinion itself deiermne,l

That part OF the opinion Of The court which on the letter addressed by Mai General Jesup 10 f. p Blair, Esq fcar- ing date the ooh Of June, 1886, and which presents The same as subject demanding

question TO the end that the court NAV re-. sumo the consideration of the evidence: and from the same, and from such further cvi. dence as shall he taken, Gin case the court shall deem il necessary to take further eyi. dence, ) may ascertain and repor, with dis. ,inc'ness and especially as to time, place, distance, and other circums,ances-all the facts touching the opening and prosecut. ing of the campaiga in Georgia aud Alaba. ma against the hostile Creek Indians in the year 1886, and the military operations in said campaign, and touching the DELAY. il any there was, in the opening or prosecuting OF said campaign, and the causes OF sucb,le. lay !; and To the end also, that the cour, willis, continuing its opinion TO the subject matters submitted TO it, may fully and distinctly ex. press It's opinion On those matters for the in. formation of the President.

The Secretary OF War ad Interim will cause the proceedings Of the cour, ON the subject of the campaign against the Creek Indians, with the documentary evidence re. ierred TO therein, and copy Of the forego ing opinion, To be transmitted to Major &c neral Alexander Macomb, President of The court, for the proper action thereon.

| ANDREW JACKSON. ! Washington, Feb. Ia, 1897.

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HOUSE OF DELEGATES

SATURDAY, Feb. 18.

A message was received from the Senate stating that they have passed the bills entitled "an act to authorize the Dismal Swamp Canal Company to increase their capital stock, and to authorize the loans of the State to said Company to be converted into stock;" and "an act to authorize the Auditor of Public Accounts to issue a warrant in favor of William D. Wren, administrator of Jared Williams, dec'd. in pursuance of a judgment of the Superior Court of Henrico, for Revolutionary services." And they have agreed to the resolution referring the petition of Phineas Chapin, with the accompanying documents, to the Board of Public Works.

MONDAY. Feb. 20

SOUTH BRANCH OF THE POTOMAC.

The engrossed bill to provide for improving the navigation of the South Branch of Potomac River, came up on its third reading; and having been supported by Messrs. Mullen and May, and opposed by Messrs. Smith of I. of W. and Hooker, the ayes and noes were ordered on motion of Mr. Smith of I. of W. The bill passed, Ayes 62, noes 36.

JAMES RIVER & KANAWHA COMPANY.

The Speaker laid before the House a letter from the President of the James River and Kanawha Company, inclosing, in compliance with a resolution of the House, a statement of the names of the officers, agents and servants in the employment of the company, (except hands employed by the contractors,) together with the rates of compensation, and whether per diem, per annum, or otherwise; together with a statement of the amount paid upon their respective subscriptions by the corporations which have subscribed to the company's capital stock—which was, on motion of Mr. Wilson of B., ordered to be printed.

LOUISA RAIL ROAD

On motion of Mr. Woolfolk, the bill providing for the State's subscription to the stock of the Louisa Railroad Company, with amendments from the Senate, was taken up. The amendments of the Senate are as follows:

Before the commencing clause insert the following sections:

Be it further enacted, That if the said company shall accept the subscription on behalf of the State, herein before provided for, it shall be the duty of said company when applied to by the Postmaster-General, to convey the mails of the U. S. on said road; and in case they shall not agree with him as to the rate of compensation therefor, and as to the time, manner and conditions of carrying the same, it shall be lawful for the Governor of this State, upon the application of the Postmaster-General, to appoint three Commissioners, who, or a majority of them, after 15 days' notice in writing to the said President, or some one of the directors of said company, shall determine and fix the prices, terms and conditions aforesaid, after being duly sworn to discharge their duty faithfully and impartially, and report the same to the Governor, which, if approved by him, shall be obligatory on said company; and a reasonable compensation for the services of said commissioners shall be made by the Governor, to be paid equally by said rail-road company and the Post Office department. But if the report of the said commissioners be not approved by the Governor, he shall appoint other commissioners, who shall be qualified to act and to make report to the Governor in all respects as the commissioners first appointed, and so on from time to time, until a report is made which may be approved by him: Provided, however, That it shall be the duty of the said company to carry the mail, if required by the Postmaster General, during the pendency of the said controversy either before the Commissioners or the Governor, for which they shall receive a compensation at the rate finally settled by the Commissioners, and approved by the Governor.

Be it further enacted, That if the said company accept the State subscription authorized by this act, then so much of the twenty-fifth section of the act incorporating the stockholders of the Louisa railroad company, as exempts the property and profits of said company from taxation, shall be, and the same is hereby repealed.

Mr. Anderson moved to amend the Senate's amendment, in the 6th line after the words "Postmaster-General," insert "accompanied with his consent in writing to abide the determination hereinafter provided for;" which was agreed to. On motion of Mr. Anderson, the Senate's amendment was further amended by inserting at the close of the second section, the following proviso:

"Provided, however, That the Legislature shall not have the power of taxing the property and profits of said company, without imposing a like tax on the property and profits of other companies incorporated for the purposes of Internal Improvements."

Mr. Stanard moved to insert the following proviso, after the first section of the Senate's amendment:

"Provided, however, That the foregoing provision shall not be obligatory on the said company until a similar regulation shall have been made in regard to the Rail Roads in the contiguous States."

This motion was supported by Messrs. Stanard & Woolfolk and opposed by Messrs. Booker, May and Smith of Isle of W., and the ayes and noes having been ordered on motion of Mr. Stanard, the vote was taken and decided in the negative as follows: Ayes 49, noes 57.

Mr. Stanard then moved to amend the same section, by adding the following proviso:

Provided, however, That the power hereby given to the Postmaster-General shall not be exercised unless the said Rail Road Company shall refuse to carry the mail for such compensation as may be paid to Rail Road companies in the contiguous States.

This amendment gave rise to much debate, in which Messrs. Venable, Peter, Edmunds of H., Miller, Harrison, Randolph, Smith of I. of W. and May participated; and the ayes and noes having been ordered on motion of Mr. Booker, the vote was taken, and decided in the negative as follows: Ayes 41, noes 67.

Mr. May moved to amend the amendment of the Senate, by striking from the first section the words "it shall be lawful for," and inserting in lieu thereof, the words below in italics, so as to cause that part of the section to read, "and in case they shall not agree with him as to the rate of compensation therefor, and as to the time, and manner, and conditions of carrying the same, "it shall be competent to the General Assembly hereafter to provide by law for the transportation of the Mails, for an adequate compensation, by empowering" the Governor of this State, upon the application of the Postmaster-General, &c.

This motion was opposed by Messrs. Booker and Hopkins, and supported by Messrs. May and Botts—and adopted; ayes 52, noes 52, the Chair voting in the affirmative.

Mr. Woolfolk moved to amend by striking out the proviso at the close of the first section of the Senate's amendment, which motion was agreed to; ayes 58, noes 36.

The question being on the Senate's amendments, as amended, Mr. Witcher opposed them at some length, and moved to strike out all after the words "provided for," in the second line of the first section, and insert the following words: "It shall be competent to the General Assembly hereafter to provide by law for the transportation of the mails for an adequate compensation on said road, and to prescribe the mode by which the same shall be ascertained."

This motion was supported by Messrs. Miller and Woolfolk, and the ayes and noes having been ordered on motion of Mr. Booker, it was agreed to as follows: Ayes 70, noes 36. The Senate's amendment, as amended was then agreed to.

TUESDAY, Feb. 21.

Bills passed:—To authorize the Board of Public Works to subscribe for two fifths of the increased stock of the Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail road Company—To incorporate the Virginia Silk and Sugar Company—To incorporate the Benlomond Coal Company.

RICHMOND AND HENRICO SUPERIOR COURT

The bill, creating a new judicial circuit, composed of the county of Henrico and city of Richmond, with the Senate's amendments, was taken up, on motion of Mr. Stanard. The bill, as it originally passed the House, formed a new court for this city and county, leaving the residue of the circuit with the present Judge, and fixing the salary of the Judge of the new circuit, at $2,000. By the Senate's amendments, the counties of Powhatan, Chesterfield, Goochland & Hanover, were detached from the circuit and added to three other circuits, viz: Powhatan to Judge Daniel's, Chesterfield to Judge Mason's, Goochland to Judge Field's, and Hanover to Judge Christian's, leaving Richmond and Henrico a separate circuit, with the present Judge.

Mr. Stanard moved that the House disagree to the amendments of the Senate. This motion was supported by Messrs. Stanard, Goggin, Botts, McCandlish, Stuart, Hunter, Harrison, Wills, and Campbell, and opposed by Messrs. Hopkins, Rives, Fisher, Jessee and Wiley.

Mr. Hopkins moved the indefinite postponement of the bill; on which motion the ayes and noes were ordered at the call of Mr. Botts, and the question being put, was decided in the negative, as follows: Ayes 22, Noes 96.

Mr. Rives moved to lay the bill on the table. Negatived.

Mr. Miller moved an amendment to the Senate's amendment, creating a new circuit out of the counties of Chesterfield, Powhatan, Hanover and Goochland, and leaving Henrico and Richmond a separate circuit, under the charge of the present Judge. This motion was opposed by Messrs. Stanard and Stuart, and supported by Messrs. Miller, Rives, Hopkins, and Booker, and the ayes and noes having been ordered on motion of Mr. Rives, the vote was in the negative, as follows: Ayes 48, noes 65.

The question then occurred on Mr. Stanard's motion to disagree to the Senate's amendments, and the ayes and noes were ordered upon it on motion of Mr. Johnston. On motion of Mr. May, the question was divided so as to take the question on the first part of the Senate's amendment, and, the motion to disagree was agreed to by the following vote: Ayes 61; noes 54. The remainder of the Senate's amendments were then disagreed to, and the bill ordered to be returned to the Senate.

American Stories

HOUSE OF DELEGATES.

SATURDAY, Feb. /.

4 u. n message was received from the Senate stating that they have passed the bills emit tied IAN act Ia authorize the Dismal Swami Canal Company TO increase their capital Stock, and 10 authorize the loans af the State 10 said Company 10 be converted into stock - and IAN act 10 authorize the Auditor OF Pub iic Accounts To issue a warrant in favor of William ID. Wren, administrator of Jared Williams, decd IN pursuance of Judgment OF the Superior Court Of Henrico, for Revo- lutionary Services."

And they have agreed 10 the resolution re- ierring the petition of Phineas Chaplin, with The accompanying documents, TO tie Board of Public Works.

MONDAY. Feb 90 SOUTH BRANCH OF TIE POTO.

MAC.

The engrossed bill to provide for improy- ing the navigation nf the South Branch of Potomac River, came up on its third cad, ing; and having been supported by Messrs Mullen and MAY, and opposed by Niessrs. Smith OF L. of w. and Hooker, the ayes and noes were ordered on motion of Mr.. Smith Of l. of W. The bill passed, Ayes 62, noes &C.

JAMES RIVER & KANAWHA COM.

PANY.

The Speaker Laid before The House lei ter from the President OF The James River and kanawha Company, incioging, in com. p!Iance with resolution of the House. n statement OF the names Of The officers. apents and servants IN the employment OF the com pany, Except hands employ ed by The con. .iactors,) together with The rates of compe,. sation, and whether per diem, per annum. or otherwise; together with a statement of The amount paid upon their respective subscrin- tons by the corporations which have suh. scrihed TO The company's Capital stock which was, on motion of Mr. Wilson of n ordered 10 he printed

LOUISA RAIL ROAD.

On motion OF Mr. Voolfolk the bill pro, visling for the States substitution fo The stock Of the Louisa Railroad Company, with amendments from the Senate, was taken nm

The amendments of the Senate are as fol, lows:

Before the commencing clause insert the following sections:

BE 1t further enacted, That il the said Company shall accept the subscription on he. half OF the State, herein before provided for 1t shall he the duty of sail compapv when applied 10 by the Postmaster-General to convey the mails of the U. S. on said road and in case they shall not agree with him as to the rate OF compensation therefor. and az 10 the time, manner and conditions of car rying the same, il shall he Lawful, for The Goyernor OF this State, upon the application OF the Postmaster General, TO appoin. three Commissioners, who, or majority of them. after 10 days notice in writing TO the said President, or some one of The directors of said company, shall determine and fix the prices. terms and conditions aforesaid, after being duly sworn 10 discharge their duty fai,birIly and impartially, and report the same 10 the Governor, which, if approved by him, shall be obligatory on said company; and rea- sonabie compensation Tor The services of said cor missioners shall be made by The Govern or, to be paid equally by said rail road corn. pany and The Post Office department. Blu, II the report of The said commissioners be nit approved by the Governor, lie shall ap- point other commissioners, w bo shall be quail. ihed 10 act and Ia make report 10 The Gov ernor in all respects as the commissioners brst appointed, and so on from Time 10 time. until report is made which may be approy- ed by him: ProUided, however, That il shall be The duty of the said company 10 carry the nail, if required by The Postmaster General during the tendency of The said controversy either before the Commissioners or the Gov ernor, Tor which they shall receive com. al the rate finally settled nv The Commissioners. and approved by the Gov. ernor.

Be IL further enacted, That If The said company accept the State subscription aus lhorized by this act, then so much Of The wenty-ffih section Of the act incorporating he stock OF the Lonisa railroad COM pany, as exempts the property and profits Of aid company from taxation, sbsii be, and The ame is hereby repealed.

Mr. Anderson moved 10 amend The Sen

amendment, was further amended by insert ing al the close OF the second section, the | following provisn:

s.Fr0otded, ho,cever, That the Legisla- lure shall not have the power of taxing the property and profits oil said company, wi,h> Out imposing like tax on the property and prohts of other companies Incorporated for the purposes OF Internal improvements" Mr.. Stanard moved TO insert the following ProviSo, ai!er tho first section Of the Senate's amendment:

"Procided, ho,uever, Tha, the foregoing provision shall not he obligatory an the said company until similar regulation shall have been made in regard tothe Rail Roads in the contiguous States"

This motion was supported Ivy Messrs Stanard 4 Voolfolk aud opposed hy Messrs. Booker, May and Smith OF Isle Of W., and the ayes and noes having heen ordered on motion Of Mir. Sianard, the vote was taken and decided iii the negali.e Is follows: Ayes 40, noes 81.

MIR. S,anard then moved TO ameud the Same sectioh, 10y adding the follow ing provi- SO:

Prouidcd, ho,uccer, That the power here. by given Ia the Postmaster General shall. not tie exercised unless The said Rail Road Company shall refuse 10 carry tie mail for such compensation as may he paid to Rail RoMl companies in the contiguous States.

This amendment gave rise 10 much dc bate, in which Messrs. Fenalle, Peter, Ed munds of H., Miller, Harrison, Randolph. Smith of |. OF w. and May participated; end The ayes and nces having been ordered on motion of Mr.. Booker, the vote Was la. ken, and decided in the negative as lllows: | Ayes Al, noes CT.

| Mr.. May moved TO amend the admcntl- ment OF The Senate, by striking from The ! first section the words "it shall he lawful Tor, and inserting in lieu thereof the words below IN Italics, SO as TO cause that part of The section 10 read, "and in case they shall not agree with him as 10 the rate Of cumpen- salon therefor, and as TO the time, and man ner, and conditions OF carrying the same, cit shall be competent 10 the General L2ssembly hereafter to prov:de by la,o for the transporta. ton Of Ire Nails, Jor an adequate conpensa ton, by empotocring'' the Governor of this State, upon the application of the Postmaster. | General, SC.

This molten was opposed by Nlessrs Book err ana Hopkins, and supported by Messrs. ( May and Botts-and adopted; ayes 52, noes so, the Chair voting in the affirmative. Mr.. Voolfolk moved 10 amend ty s;rik- my out the proviso a, the close Of the frs, section OF the Senate's amendment, which motion was agreed to; ayes SO, noes 36. The question being TN the Scna,e's amend men;s, as amended, Mr. Witohcr crposcd them at some length, and moved 10 strike out all alter the words provided Tor, in the Sc conti line o! the FIRST section, and aserl the following words: ':Ii shall be competent In the General Assembly hereafter 10 provide ! ny law for The transportation of The mails for an adequate compensation on said road, and | 10 prescribe the nude by which the same shall lie asceriained."

This motion was supported 10y Messrs Miller and Voolfolk, and the ayes and noes +, having been ordered On motion OF MIR Book er, IL was agreed to as iuliows: Ayes 70. ! noes SO

The Senale's amendment, as amended, as then agreed 10.

TUESDAY, Feb. 81.

Bills passed To authorize the Board of Public Works TO subscribe for two fifihs of The increased stock of the Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail road Company inco-t.o- rate the Virginia Silk and Sugar Company TO incorporate the BenlomoEd Coal Com. RICHMOND AND HENRICO SUPE- RIOR COURT.

The bill, creating new judicial circuit, composed of the county Of iIenrico and city of Richmond, with the Senate's amendments, | was taken up, on motion Of Mr.. SiaLard.

The BILL us il originally passed the House, ! formed new court for this city and county, | leaving the residue of the circuit with the | present Judge, and fixing the salary Of the | Judge OF tho new circuit, at $4,000. By the Senate's amendments, the counties OF Powhatan, Chesterfield, Guochland s. Han over, were detached from the circuit and ad- ded 10 three other circuits, viz: Powlatan 10 Judge Daniels, Chesterfield TO Judge Ma !, CONS, Goot HAND 10 Judge Fields, and Han. ! over To Judge Christians, leaving Richmond |! and iienrico separate circuit, " ith the pre-. | sent Judge. !

Mir. S!anard moved that the House dsa- | gree to the amendments of the Senate.

This motion was supported by Messrs | Stanard, Goggin, Bolts, McCandish, Stuart, Hunter, harrison, Wills, and Campbell and ! opposed by Messrs. Hopkins, Rivcs, Fisher, jesse and Wiley

Mr.. Hopkins moved the indefinite post ! ponemen;.Ut The bill on which motion The / ayes and noes were ordered al The call OF Mr. Bolts, and the question being put, was de- cided in the negative, as follows: Ayes %, Noes 90.

Mr. Rives moved TO lay The bill on the Ia BILE. Negalived.

Mt. Miller moved an amendment 10 the ! Senate's amendment, creating new circuit | out Of the counties Of Chesterfield, Powha.- / Tan, Hanover and Goochland, and leaving | Henrico and Richmond separate circuit, | under the charge of the present Judge.

This motion was opposed by Messrs. Stan, ard and Stuart, and supported by Messrs. Miller, Riyes, Hopkins, and Booker, and | The ayes and noes having been ordered on motion Of Mr.. Rivcs, the vote was in the

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Richmond Circuit Court Bill. - The Senate and the House of Delegates have been amusing themselves with a small game of "Battle-door and Shuttlecock." The subject of the play was the Richmond Circuit Court bill. The Senate having amended the bill, it was returned to the House for its concurrence. The House disagreed to the amendments, and sent it back. The Senate then insisted on its amendments. The House, in turn, insisted on its disagreement; and the Senate then receded. So the bill has become a law in the shape it originally passed the House.

The object of the Senate's amendments was to obviate the creation of a new Circuit by making Richmond city and Henrico compose the 7th circuit, and distributing the four remaining counties among the adjacent circuits. This arrangement was loudly protested against by the members from those circuits, as inflicting on their constituents the same evils which it was the object of the bill to remedy as regarded the people of Richmond.

American Stories

Richmond Ci,cuif Court BiH-The Sen nie and the House of Delegates have been a. musing themselves with small game OF Battle door and Shutllecock The sub Jecs OF The play was the Richmond Circuit Court bill. The Senate having amended the bill, il was returned TO The House for its concurrence. The House disagreed TO the amendments, sDd sent it back The Senate then insisted on its amendments. The House, in turn, insisted 90 its disagreement; and the Senate then rcceded. So the bill has become law in the shape il originally pass ed the House.

Tho object OF the Ssnais's amendments was 10 obviale the creation Of new Circuit by making Richmond city and Henrico compose the 7th circuit. ond distributing the

four remaining counties among the adjacent circuits. This arrangement was loudly prete. ted against by the members from those circuits, as inlliciing on their constituents the came evils which it was the object OF the bill TO remedy as regarded the people of Richmond

snewpapers

The Military Court of Inquiry. - On Thursday last Major General Gaines commenced his defence before the Court of Inquiry in Frederick, (Md.) in the presence of a large concourse of ladies and gentlemen. It occupied near three hours on Thursday in the delivery.

The first part was in relation to the publication of his letter, which he contended was not against the rules and articles of war, and that it was done in defence of his reputation. He next contended that his operation did not interfere with the arrangements of General Scott, as the latter had attempted to show. He bore down on General Scott with some severity.

On Friday, General Gaines resumed his defence, at 10 o'clock, and occupied till between 12 and 1. The defence has, during a great part of it, assumed a controversial character between Generals Gaines and Scott, the former of whom persisted, throughout his defence, in calling the latter his Accuser and in repelling the imputation of having been Rescued by General Scott. He maintained that the war had been put an end to by himself, and that it would have been grossly improper for him to have left the scene of action until General Scott arrived in person to take command. - Herald.

American Stories

The Military Court of Inguiry.-On Thursday last Major General GAINES commenced his defence before the Court

Of Inquiry in Frederick, (MJ.) in IN. presence OF a large concourse OF ladies' and gentlemen. 1t occupied near three hours on Thursday in the delivery. The first part was in relation to the publication Of his letter. which he con |, tended was not against the rules and ar ticles of war, and that it was done in defence ofhis reputation. He next con- tended that his operation did not inter. fere with the arrangements of General SCoTT, as the latter had attempted to show. lie bore down OF General Scorr

with some severity.

On Friday, General GAINES resumed his defence, at 10 o'clock, and occupied till between IL and l. The defence has, during great part oft, assumed con- troversial character between Generals GAINES aud Scorr. the former of HON persisted. throughout his defence, in call ing ;he latter his AccUsER and in repeli- ing the imputation Of having been RES cuED by General ScoTT. He maintain ed that the war had been put an end to by himself, and that it would have been grossly improper for him TO have left the scene Of action until General ScuTT ar rived in person TO take conmand.-Her- aid.

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JUDGE SAVAGE - A LESSON FOR DEMAGOGUES. - There seems to be a just retribution in the disgrace which has recently fallen upon Judge Savage of New York - in his resignation of a seat on the Bench, to accept a clerkship in his own Court. He has received but his deserts. It appears that some eighteen years ago, this Mr. Savage was a candidate for public favor, and disposed to seek it in the paths of the demagogue. He was a flaming economist, and turned his especial attention to this very subject of high salaries. By the efforts of himself and his friends, the salaries of the Judges were cut down from $4,500 to $2,000 - and the old judiciary was broken up by the new constitution. The dominant party, of course, secured the spoils of office, and Mr. Savage was raised to the Bench under the reduced salary. After serving the State in the capacity of Chief Justice for nearly twenty years - with the inadequate compensation attached to the office - he was compelled by absolute poverty to send in his resignation. No one can commiserate his situation. There is justice in this termination of his career. - Aspiring demagogues may read an useful lesson in it. - Boston Atlas.

American Stories

JUDGE SAvAeE-A LESSON FOR DEM AGooUEs.-There seems 10 be Just re- tribution in the disgrace which has re Gently fallen upon Judge Savage of New

fo.k-in his resignation Of seat OIL the

Bench, 10 accept clerkship in his own Court. He has received but his deserts.

1t appears that some eighteen years ago. this Mr.. Savage was a candidate for

public favor, and disposed 10 seek it in the paths OF the demagogue. He was a flaming economist, and turned his espe- cial attention to this very subject Of high salaries. BY the efforts Of himself and

his friends. the salaries OF the Judges were cut down from 81 500 to $4,000 and the old Judiciary was broken up by the new constitution. The dominant party, OF course, secured the spoils of Office. and MIR. Savage was raised to the Bench under the reduced salary After serving the State in the capacity of Chief Justice for nearly twenty years-with the inadequate compensation attached to the oflice--he was compelled by absolute poverty to send in his resignation. No one can commisserate his situation. There is Justice in this termination Of his ca reer.-Aspiring demagogues may read an useful lesson in it.-Boston Alias.